{"id":610,"date":"2024-09-12T13:09:10","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T13:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toponomastics.com\/en\/?p=610"},"modified":"2026-03-18T12:47:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T12:47:45","slug":"noah-ark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toponomastics.com\/en\/noah-ark\/","title":{"rendered":"Noah Ark.. Piecing The Puzzle Together"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Noah's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noah’s Ark<\/strong> is a large vessel in the Biblical story of Noah’s Flood, built by Noah at God’s command to save his family and pairs of every animal from a global flood. The story appears in the Book of Genesis and is a prominent narrative in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Biblical account shares many details with earlier Mesopotamian stories, which demonstrates the existence of shared culture traits that spanned the ancient Near East both geographically and temporally, and, moreover, suggests that the Flood story originated in southern Mesopotamia<\/mark><\/strong>. [01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of Utnapishtim<\/mark><\/strong> in the Epic of Gilgamesh<\/strong>. [02]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Genesis flood narrative matches that in Gilgamesh<\/strong> so closely that “few doubt” that it derives from a Mesopotamian account. [03] What is particularly noticeable is the way the Genesis flood story follows the Gilgamesh flood tale “point by point and in the same order”, even when the story permits other alternatives. [04]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most likely assumption is that both Genesis and Gilgamesh drew their material from a common tradition<\/em><\/strong> about the flood that existed in Mesopotamia, such as the Sumerian epic of Ziusudra<\/mark><\/strong>, these stories then diverged in the retelling. Ziusudra<\/mark><\/em><\/strong>, Utnapishtim<\/mark><\/em><\/strong> and Noah<\/mark><\/em><\/strong> are the respective heroes of the Sumerian, Akkadian and biblical flood legends of the ancient Near East. [05]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sumerian Noah & Dilmun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to \u201cEridu Genesis\u201d, Ziusudra<\/strong>, (The Sumerian Noah<\/em>), was instructed by gods to build an ark, in order to survive a great flood. The resting place of Ziusudra, after the flood, was Dilmun<\/strong><\/mark>. [06]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Epic of Ziusudra adds an element at lines 258\u2013261 not found in other versions, that after the flood.. “king Ziusudra \u2026 they caused to dwell in the KUR Dilmun<\/mark><\/strong>, the place where the sun rises”. The Sumerian word “KUR” is an ambiguous word. Samuel Noah Kramer states that “its primary meanings is ‘mountain’ is attested by the fact that the sign used for it is actually a pictograph representing a mountain. Kur also came to mean ‘land’ in general”. The last sentence can be translated as “In the mountain of crossing, the mountain of Dilmun<\/strong><\/mark>, the place where the sun rises”. (Wikipedia<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
“Ziusudra, the last king of Shurupag before the flood, landed in <\/mark>Dilmun<\/mark> according to the Sumerian Flood story<\/mark>“.[Irving Finkel]<\/strong> [06]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

“Based on contextual evidence, Dilmun encompassed Bahrain, Kuwait and eastern<\/mark><\/strong> Saudi Arabia. This area is certainly what is meant by references to {Dilmun} among the lands conquered by King Sargon II and his descendants.” (Wikipedia\/Dilmun<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In summation<\/strong>: The earliest documented accounts of a flood narrative similar to the biblical story of Noah are found in Mesopotamian texts. In these texts, the resting place of the Ark is “Dilmun<\/strong>“, an ancient name for: littoral North Eastern Arabia<\/strong><\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Biblical Shinar<\/strong> \u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05e0\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05e8<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Noah<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Genesis 8:4 \u201cand on the seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat<\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d (NIV)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here, we are told that Noah Ark came to rest on the mountain range of “Ararat<\/strong>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details in Genesis 11:1-2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The previous chapter (Genesis 10<\/strong>) described all the nations, tribes, and languages that came from Noah’s three sons (Shem, Ham, and Japheth). Genesis 11<\/mark><\/strong> backs up the story to the era before the people groups were divided. Until this point, the families of Shem, Ham, and Japheth remained together as a single people group with a single culture. Genesis 11:1<\/mark><\/strong> told us they all shared the same language. In Genesis 11:2<\/mark><\/strong>, we’re told that this growing extended family migrated, away from the region where the ark settled<\/mark>, towards<\/strong> the land of Shinar<\/mark>. [07]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genesis 11:2<\/strong>: \u201cAs people moved eastward<\/mark><\/strong>, they found a plain in Shinar<\/mark><\/em><\/strong> and settled there.\u201d (NIV)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jubilees 10:19<\/a><\/strong>: “For they departed from the land of Ararat eastward to Shinar<\/mark><\/strong>; for in his days they built the city and the tower, saying, ‘Go to, let us ascend thereby into heaven.'”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those people left the resting place <\/em>of the Ark and moved eastward<\/mark><\/strong> to the land of Shinar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This leads to the conclusion that: Biblical “Ararat<\/strong>” lies to the west<\/strong><\/mark> of Shinar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, where is “the land of Shinar”?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Biblical Shinar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shinar (\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05e0\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05e8 ) is the name for the southern region of Mesopotamia used by the Hebrew Bible. [08] The archaeologist Sir Henry Rawlinson suggests that it was the Jewish name for Chaldea<\/strong>. [09]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the Jewish encyclopedia:
“Chaldea was the name of a small territory in southern Babylonia extending along the northern and probably also the western shores of the Arabian gulf<\/mark><\/strong>.” [10]
This gulf was sometimes called “the Sea of the Land of Chaldea” [11] or \u201cSea of Chaldea<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d (Tamtu \u0161a Kaldi<\/em><\/strong>) [12].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tamtu \u0161a Kaldi = “the Sea of Kaldu” (the Sea of Chaldea)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
This gulf used to be called the Gulf of Chldea [13]<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jubilees<\/a><\/strong> 10:20 states that the Tower of Babel was built with bitumen from the Sea<\/mark> of Shinar<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“For they departed <\/mark>from the land of Ararat eastward to Shinar;<\/mark> for in his days they built the city and the tower, saying, ‘Go to, let us ascend thereby into heaven.
And they began to build, and in the fourth week they made brick with fire, and the bricks served them for stone, and the clay with which they cemented them together was asphalt which comes out of the <\/mark>sea<\/mark><\/strong>, and out of <\/mark>the fountains of water<\/mark><\/strong> in the land of Shinar<\/mark>.”. (Jubilees 10:20<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The “Sea<\/mark><\/strong> of Shinar”, is generally identified with the Arabian gulf<\/mark><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In summation<\/strong>: According to the Genesis account (and apocryphal books), the resting place of the Ark lies to the west of Shinar<\/strong>. The latter is another name for Chaldea<\/strong>, which includes the western shores of the Arabian Gulf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Theophilus of Antioch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Theophilus of Antioch, arguably, the earliest Christian scholiast.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Theophilus of Antioch (115-185 AD) was among the earliest to write a commentary on the Gospels, if not the first; and he seems to have been the first Christian historian of the era of the Old Testament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the title: “ACCURATE ACCOUNT OF THE DELUGE”, Theophilus wrote the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnd of the ark, the remains are to this day to be seen in the Arabian mountains<\/strong><\/mark>.\u201d. [14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CHAP. XIX.–ACCURATE ACCOUNT OF THE DELUGE<\/strong>. And neither does he make out that there was a second flood: on the contrary, he said that never again would there be a flood of water on the world; as neither indeed has there been, nor ever shall be. And he says that eight human beings were preserved in the ark, in that which had been prepared by God’s direction, not by Deucalion, but by Noah; which Hebrew word means “rest,” as we have elsewhere shown that Noah, when he announced to the men then alive that there was a flood coming, prophesied to them, saying, Come thither, God calls you to repentance. On this account he was fitly called Deucalion. And this Noah had three sons (as we mentioned in the second book), whose names were Shem, and Ham, and Japhet; and these had three wives, one wife each; each man and his wife. This man some have surnamed Eunuchus. All the eight persons, therefore, who were found in the ark were preserved. And Moses showed that the flood lasted forty days and forty nights, torrents pouring from heaven, and from the fountains of the deep breaking up, so that the water overtopped every high hill 15 cubits. And thus the race of all the men that then were was destroyed, and those only who were protected in the ark were saved; and these, we have already said, were eight. And of the ark, the remains are to this day to be seen in the Arabian mountains<\/strong><\/mark>. This, then, is in sum the history of the deluge. (THEOPHILUS TO AUTOLYCUS. BOOK III. pp. 116-117)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In summation<\/strong>: Theophilus of Antioch, a 2nd-century Christian scholar and bishop, identifies Ararat, where Noah’s ark rested, with mountains in Arabia.
Littoral North-Eastern Arabia<\/mark><\/strong>, lies within Chaldea<\/mark><\/strong>, and encompasses “Dilmun<\/mark><\/strong>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Targumic qardu<\/strong> (\u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc<\/mark><\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aramaic Onkelos<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Targums are Aramaic translations of books of the Hebrew Bible. The targumic genre combines literal renderings of the biblical text with additional material, ranging in size from a word to several paragraphs. The additions provide important insights into ancient Jewish biblical interpretation. The major targums are: Onkelos<\/strong>, Jonathan<\/strong> and Neofiti<\/strong>. [15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These translation works refer to biblical \u201cArarat<\/strong>\u201d as \u201cqardu<\/strong>\u201d or “qadron<\/strong>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Onkelos<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u05d5\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05d7\u05b7\u05ea \u05ea\u05bc\u05b5\u05d1\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d9\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05ea \u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05d0 \u05dc\u05b0\u05d9\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9 \u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u05d8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9<\/mark> <\/mark>\u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc<\/mark>\u201d = (and the Ark rested on) \u201c\u1e6d\u016bri qardu<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aramaic \u201c\u05d8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\/\u1e6d\u016br\u201d means: \u201crock\u201d or \u201chill\u201d and by extension: \u201cmountain\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aramaic: [q<\/strong>] is the emphatic variant of: [k<\/strong>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In ancient Mesopotamian records there is a geographical region called: \u201cKardu<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Raymond Dougherty \u201cCertain scholars have suggested the possibility that Kardu<\/mark><\/strong> is another name for \u2018the land of Chaldea<\/strong>\u2019\u201d. [16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Jonathan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u05d5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b7\u05ea \u05ea\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05bc\u05ea\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d9\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e1\u05b8\u05df \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05d1\u05b0\u05e1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05b0\u05d9\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d8\u05b7\u05d5\u05b0\u05d5\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d3\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df<\/mark><\/strong> \u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d8\u05b7\u05d5\u05b0\u05d5\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d3 \u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d5\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d8\u05b7\u05d5\u05b0\u05d5\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d3 \u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d5\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b7\u05de\u05b8\u05df \u05de\u05b4\u05ea\u05b0\u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05de\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05d0 \u05de\u05b7\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05d0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u05d8\u05b7\u05d5\u05b0\u05d5\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d3\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d = (and the Ark rested on) \u201c\u1e6d\u016bri (of) qadrun<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[d<\/strong>] is the voiced variant of: [t<\/strong>].
[\u1e6d<\/strong>] is the emphatic variant of:[t<\/strong>].
[-un<\/strong>] in qadrun<\/mark><\/strong><\/em> is a suffix.
qad<\/mark>run \u2192 qat<\/mark>run \u2192 qa\u1e6d<\/mark><\/strong>run \u2192 qa\u1e6d<\/mark><\/strong>run<\/mark> \u2192<\/strong> qa\u1e6dr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Talmudic: qardu<\/strong> (\u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc<\/mark><\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talmud: is the textual record of generations of rabbinic debate about biblical interpretation, compiled between the 3rd and 8th centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Talmudic commentators in (bb 91a), state that Abraham was imprisoned several years in \u201ckhuta\/\u05db\u05d5\u05bc\u05ea\u05b8\u05d0\u201d as well as \u201cqardu\/\u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u201d and they consider the former to be \u2018Ur of the Chaldeans\u2019:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05e8 \u05e8\u05b7\u05d1 \u05d7\u05b8\u05e0\u05b8\u05df \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e8 \u05e8\u05b8\u05d1\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05e8 \u05e8\u05b7\u05d1: \u05e2\u05b6\u05e9\u05b6\u05c2\u05e8 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05b6\u05d7\u05b0\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05dd \u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc \u2013 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05dc\u05b9\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05db\u05d5\u05bc\u05ea\u05b8\u05d0<\/strong>, \u05d5\u05b0\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05e2 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc<\/strong>. \u05d5\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05d1 \u05d3\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05de\u05b4\u05d9 \u05de\u05b4\u05e0\u05b0\u05bc\u05d4\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05b0\u05bc\u05e2\u05b8\u05d0 \u05de\u05b7\u05ea\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e4\u05b0\u05bc\u05db\u05b8\u05d0. \u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05e8 \u05e8\u05b7\u05d1 \u05d7\u05b4\u05e1\u05b0\u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0: \u05e2\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d6\u05b0\u05e2\u05b5\u05d9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05b0\u05bc\u05db\u05d5\u05bc\u05ea\u05b8\u05d0<\/strong> \u2013 \u05d6\u05b6\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc \u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8 \u05db\u05b7\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05d3\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05dd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This can be translated as: \u201cAnd Rav \u1e24anan bar Rava says that Rav says: Our forefather Abraham was imprisoned for ten years, because he rejected the idol worship that was accepted in his land. He was imprisoned for three years in the city of Khuta<\/strong>, and seven years in qardu<\/strong>. And Rav Dimi of Neharde\u2019a teaches the opposite, (that he was imprisoned seven years in Khuta<\/strong> and three in qardu)<\/strong>. Rav \u1e24isda said: The narrow passage<\/mark> of Khuta, is the Ur of the Chaldeans\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here, we’re told that: “qardu<\/strong>” is close to: “the Ur of the Chaldeans<\/strong>“, and Abraham was imprisoned in this “qardu<\/strong>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ur of the Chaldeans” is generally accepted to be the Sumerian city of Ur, located in southern Mesopotamia, which later became part of the region known as Chaldea<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In summation<\/strong>: Talmudic “qardu<\/strong>” is a place in Chaldea<\/strong>. When Genesis 8:4 records that Noah\u2019s Ark landed at the mountains of Ararat, the Targum “Onkelos” explains that Ararat<\/strong> is: “qardu<\/strong>“. The latter can be pronounced “kardu<\/strong>“, a Mesopotamian name for some parts of Chaldea<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Syriac: qatraye<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Syriac “Beth” means: “abode”<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Littoral north-eastern Arabia had a distinctive culture in Pre-Islamic Arabia. Few centuries before the advent of Islam, this region was predominantly Christian. Its people adopted Syriac as their written language. The name of this region, in Syriac, was: \u201c\u0729\u0732\u071b\u072a\u0308\u0735\u071d\u0739\u0710 Q\u0103\u1e6dr\u0101ye\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Eastern Arabia was divided into two main ecclesiastical regions: Beth Qatraye (northeastern Arabia)<\/mark> and Beth Mazunaye (southeastern Arabia). Christianity in Eastern Arabia was blunted by the arrival of Islam by 628.” (Wikipedia.org\/Eastern_Arabia<\/a>)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syriac: \u201cQatraye\u201d still exist in Arabic as: \u201cQ\u0103\u1e6d\u0103r\/\u0642\u0637\u0631\u201d
\u201cQatar\u201d now refers only to the \u201cQatar Peninsula\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phonetic root of \u201cQa\u1e6draye\u201d and \u201cQa\u1e6dar\u201d is [q-\u1e6d-r<\/strong>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As mentioned earlier, targum Jonathan<\/strong> refers to the biblical \u201cArarat<\/strong>\u201d as “qadrun<\/strong>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[d<\/strong>] is the voiced variant of: [t<\/strong>].
[\u1e6d<\/strong>] is the emphatic variant of:[t<\/strong>].
[-un<\/strong>] in qadrun<\/mark><\/strong><\/em> is a suffix.
qad<\/mark>run \u2192 qat<\/mark>run \u2192 qa\u1e6d<\/mark><\/strong>run \u2192 qa\u1e6d<\/mark><\/strong>r<\/strong><\/strong>un<\/mark><\/strong><\/s> \u2192<\/strong> qa\u1e6dr<\/strong> \u2192<\/strong> qa\u1e6draye<\/strong> \u2192<\/strong> qa\u1e6dar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In summation<\/strong>: Qa\u1e6draya (or Qatar) is just another name for Chaldea<\/strong>, or \u201cShinar<\/strong>\u201d, which includes Dilmun<\/strong><\/mark>, the final resting place of Ziusudra\/Noah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Bahrain and Noah<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
A 1745 Bellin map of the historical region of Bahrain<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Until the late Middle Ages, “Bahrain” referred to the region of Eastern Arabia that included Littoral southern Iraq, Kuwait, Al-Hasa, Qatif, Qatar and Bahrain archipelago<\/em>. [17]. Now it refers only to the island of Bahrain<\/em>. [18]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In the historical region of Bahrain, there was a place named \u201c\u0103rd N\u016b\u1e25\/\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0648\u062d<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d (literarily: The land of Noah<\/strong>)! Unfortunately, the location of this place is no longer known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly enough, biblical (and Quranic) Noah has another name in Arabic medieval sources, which is \u201ciashkur<\/strong>\/\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0631\u201d, a name identical to the Sumerian \u201cishkur<\/strong>\u201d (i\u0161kur), the god of rain, storm and flood!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The temple hymns<\/a> [19]<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are some historical and linguistic indications, that the littoral zone of North Eastern Arabia is the real resting place of Noah’s Ark:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01- The earliest documented accounts of a flood narrative similar to the biblical story of Noah are found in Mesopotamian texts (Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian). In these texts, the resting place of the Ark is \u201cDilmun<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d, an ancient name for: coastal North Eastern Arabia, including Bahrain Archipelago<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02- According to the biblical account (and apocryphal books), the resting place of the Ark lies to the west of \u201cShinar\u201d and the Sea of Shinar<\/mark><\/strong>. The toponym \u201cShinar<\/strong>\u201d<\/mark> is another name for Chaldea. The historical land of Chaldea<\/mark><\/strong> includes \u201cDilmun<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d (the western shores of the Arabian Gulf). This gulf is also called the Sea of Shinar!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03- Theophilus of Antioch, a 2nd-century Christian scholar and bishop, identifies biblical mountains of Ararat<\/mark><\/em>, (where Noah\u2019s ark rested), with mountains in Arabia<\/mark><\/em>. The toponym \u201cArabia<\/strong>\u201d<\/mark> encompasses \u201cDilmun<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d, some parts of Chaldea<\/mark><\/strong> and \u201cShinar<\/strong>\u201d<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04- Talmudic \u201cqardu\u201d is a place in Chaldea<\/mark><\/strong>. When Genesis 8:4 records that Noah\u2019s Ark landed at the mountains of Ararat, the Targum \u201cOnkelos\u201d explains that Ararat is: \u201cqardu\u201d<\/mark><\/strong>. The latter can be pronounced \u201ckardu\u201d, a Mesopotamian name for some parts of Chaldea<\/mark><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 \u2013\u201cqardu\u201d or \u201ckardu\u201d is known in Syriac as: \u201cqa\u1e6draya\u201d, \u00a0a pre-Islamic Syriac name for \u201cDilmun<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

07- Medieval Arab sources\u00a0mention a place named: \u201c\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0648\u062d\u201d (The land of Noah), situated within Historical Bahrain, (the coastal territories of N.E. Arabia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

08-In these sources, Noah has another name, which is: \u201ciashkur<\/strong>\/\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0631\u201d, a name identical to the Sumerian \u201cishkur<\/strong>\u201d (or i\u0161kur), the god of rain, storm and flood!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[01] – Woods, Ch. (2010), The Mesopotamian Origins of the Biblical Flood Story.
Associate Professor of Sumerology, University of Chicago.
[02] – Nigosian, S.A. (2004), From Ancient Writings to Sacred Texts: The Old Testament and Apocrypha, JHU Press.
[03] – George, Andrew R. (2003). The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts. Oxford University Press. p. 70.
[04] – Rendsburg, Gary. “The Biblical flood story in the light of the Gilgamesh flood account,” in Gilgamesh and the world of Assyria, eds Azize, J & Weeks, N. Peters, 2007, p. 117
[05] – Wexler, Robert (2001). Ancient Near Eastern Mythology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[06] – Finkel, Irving L.: The Ark before Noah: Decoding the Story of the Flood. London, United Kingdom, ISBN 978-1-4447-5705-7.
[07] – https:\/\/www.bibleref.com\/Genesis\/11\/Genesis-11-2.html
[08] – https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shinar
[09] – The Pulpit Commentaries https:\/\/studylight.org\/commentaries\/eng\/tpc\/genesis-11.html
[10] \u2013 jewishencyclopedia.com\/articles\/4213<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11] – https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chaldea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12] – https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Chaldea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13] – https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12685-020-00245-5
[14] – The Apology to Autolycus:
CHAPTER XVIII.\u2014ERRORS OF THE GREEKS ABOUT THE DELUGE.
CHAPTER XIX.\u2014ACCURATE ACCOUNT OF THE DELUGE
[15] – Oxford Bibliographies: Targum
[16] – Raymond Philip Dougherty, The Sealand of Ancient Arabia, Yale University Press, 1932, 66ff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]- https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahrain<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]- https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Arabia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]- https:\/\/etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk\/edition2\/etcslgloss.php?lookup=c4801.331&charenc=gcirc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Noah’s ark story originated in southern Mesopotamia. The resting place of the Mesopotamian Noah, after the flood, was Dilmun. Dilmun encompassed Bahrain, Kuwait and eastern Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toponyms"],"yoast_head":"\nNoah Ark.. 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